American Cancer Society’s New Prostate Cancer Guidelines Urge Black Men to Start Screening at 45

One of America’s most trusted cancer organizations has released new prostate cancer screening guidelines, giving Black men a clearer directive for early detection. In a Nov. 12 press release, the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommended that Black men start testing at 45 and continue every year through age 69, regardless of family history. That’s five years earlier than the recommended starting age for non-Black men at average risk, who are advised to have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test every two years from ages 50 through 69.

Previously, the ACS emphasized discussing screening at age 45 rather than recommending regular testing. The PSA blood test measures the level of a substance made by the prostate. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a high result doesn’t necessarily mean cancer, but a PSA test can help detect cancer earlier.

The updated guidelines reflect what evidence has already revealed. Earlier research from the society estimated that Black men’s rates of developing and dying from the disease were 70% to 110% higher than those of white men. The ACS also reported that prostate cancer can be treated and “eradicated” when detected early.

In the new press release, Dr. William Dahut, chief scientific officer at the ACS, addressed the disparities for Black men, saying, “By making a direct recommendation for men to engage in screening and advocating for earlier and more frequent screening for Black men, our aim is also to help reduce prostate cancer disparities and ease the disease burden.”

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However, not all organizations recommend the same schedule. For example, the CDC’s screening page shares the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s advice that men ages 55 to 69 should talk with their doctor about whether to get a PSA test.

Still, screening isn’t perfect. ABC News reported that testing can sometimes lead to false-positive results, overdiagnosis and treatments that might be harmful. The ACS says clinicians should explain risks and benefits before starting screening.